Can Glycolic Acid Cause Acne: Myth or Reality?

AvatarByKristie Pacheco Skincare

Glycolic acid has become a popular ingredient in skincare routines worldwide, celebrated for its ability to exfoliate and rejuvenate the skin. However, as with many potent skincare components, questions arise about its effects—particularly whether it can cause acne. For those navigating the complex world of acne-prone skin, understanding how glycolic acid interacts with the skin is essential before incorporating it into daily care.

Acne is a multifaceted skin condition influenced by various factors, including hormones, bacteria, and skincare products. Glycolic acid, known for its exfoliating properties, can impact the skin’s surface in ways that might either improve or, in some cases, exacerbate acne. This dual nature often leaves users wondering if glycolic acid is a friend or foe in their battle against breakouts.

In the following sections, we will explore the relationship between glycolic acid and acne, shedding light on how this ingredient works, its potential benefits, and the reasons it might sometimes trigger unwanted skin reactions. Whether you’re considering adding glycolic acid to your regimen or are curious about its effects, this article aims to provide clarity and guidance.

Potential Causes of Acne When Using Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) widely used for its exfoliating properties, which help to remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. However, in some cases, users may experience acne flare-ups or irritation after starting glycolic acid treatments. Understanding the potential causes can help in managing and preventing these reactions.

One common reason for acne-like breakouts during glycolic acid use is skin purging. Purging occurs when the increased exfoliation accelerates the turnover of skin cells, bringing underlying clogged pores and impurities to the surface more rapidly than usual. This process can resemble acne but is typically temporary and resolves with continued use.

Another potential cause is irritation and barrier disruption. Glycolic acid’s exfoliating action, especially at higher concentrations or frequent application, can compromise the skin’s natural barrier. A weakened barrier can lead to inflammation, increased sensitivity, and an environment conducive to bacterial overgrowth, which may trigger or worsen acne.

Certain formulations of glycolic acid products may also contain comedogenic ingredients, such as heavy oils or silicones, which can clog pores and contribute to acne development. Additionally, improper use—such as combining glycolic acid with other potent actives without professional guidance—can exacerbate irritation and acne.

How to Minimize Acne Risk When Using Glycolic Acid

To reduce the likelihood of acne flare-ups when incorporating glycolic acid into a skincare routine, consider the following guidelines:

  • Start with low concentration: Begin with products containing 5-10% glycolic acid to allow your skin to adapt gradually.
  • Patch test: Apply a small amount on a discrete area before full-face use to assess tolerance.
  • Limit frequency: Use glycolic acid 1-2 times per week initially, then slowly increase frequency based on skin response.
  • Avoid combining with other strong actives: Using retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or other acids simultaneously can increase irritation risk.
  • Maintain hydration: Use moisturizers that support the skin barrier without clogging pores.
  • Sun protection: Glycolic acid can increase photosensitivity, so daily sunscreen use is essential to prevent further irritation.

Comparing Glycolic Acid with Other Acne-Related Ingredients

Understanding how glycolic acid compares to other commonly used acne-fighting ingredients can clarify its role in skincare routines and potential for causing acne or irritation.

Ingredient Primary Function Effect on Acne Potential for Irritation Suitable For
Glycolic Acid (AHA) Exfoliation, cell turnover Improves acne by clearing pores but can cause purging Moderate, especially at high concentrations Normal to oily skin, mild to moderate acne
Salicylic Acid (BHA) Penetrates pores, exfoliation Effective for acne, reduces inflammation Low to moderate Oily, acne-prone skin
Benzoyl Peroxide Antibacterial, reduces acne-causing bacteria Strong acne treatment High, can cause dryness and redness Moderate to severe acne
Retinoids Increases cell turnover, prevents clogging Highly effective for acne and anti-aging High, initial irritation common All skin types, acne and aging concerns

This comparison highlights that while glycolic acid is beneficial for exfoliation and improving skin texture, it requires careful use to avoid irritation that might exacerbate acne.

Signs That Glycolic Acid May Be Causing Acne

It is important to distinguish between normal purging and adverse reactions indicating that glycolic acid may be causing acne or worsening skin condition. Key signs include:

  • Persistent or worsening breakouts after 4-6 weeks of consistent use
  • Appearance of deep, painful cystic acne rather than superficial whiteheads or blackheads
  • Signs of skin barrier damage such as redness, dryness, peeling, and increased sensitivity
  • Development of new acne lesions in areas previously unaffected
  • Any allergic reactions such as swelling or rash

If these signs are present, it may be necessary to stop glycolic acid use and consult a dermatologist for alternative treatments or adjusted skincare routines.

Understanding the Relationship Between Glycolic Acid and Acne

Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugar cane, is widely used in skincare for its exfoliating properties. It works by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and revealing fresher skin underneath. However, concerns often arise about whether glycolic acid can cause acne or exacerbate existing breakouts.

How Glycolic Acid Interacts with Acne-Prone Skin

  • Exfoliation Benefits: Glycolic acid helps clear clogged pores by removing excess dead skin, which can reduce the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).
  • Increased Cell Turnover: Regular use promotes faster shedding of skin cells, preventing buildup that can lead to acne.
  • Anti-inflammatory Effects: Some studies indicate glycolic acid may reduce inflammation associated with acne lesions.
  • Potential Irritation: If used improperly or in high concentrations, glycolic acid can irritate skin, leading to redness, dryness, and sometimes a temporary worsening of acne.

When Glycolic Acid Might Trigger Acne Breakouts

While glycolic acid is generally beneficial for acne-prone skin, certain factors can lead to a paradoxical increase in acne:

Factor Explanation
Initial Purging Phase Accelerated cell turnover can cause underlying clogged pores to surface temporarily, mimicking breakouts.
Overuse or High Concentrations Excessive exfoliation damages skin barrier, causing irritation and inflammation that may worsen acne.
Inadequate Moisturization Dryness from glycolic acid use can trigger compensatory oil production, potentially increasing acne.
Combination with Other Irritants Using glycolic acid alongside harsh cleansers or retinoids without proper guidance can exacerbate irritation and breakouts.

Best Practices to Minimize Acne Risk When Using Glycolic Acid

To harness the benefits of glycolic acid while minimizing the risk of acne flare-ups, consider the following guidelines:

  • Start with low concentrations (typically 5-10%) and gradually increase as tolerated.
  • Use glycolic acid 1-3 times per week, depending on skin sensitivity.
  • Always apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day, as glycolic acid increases photosensitivity.
  • Incorporate hydrating and barrier-repair moisturizers to counteract dryness.
  • Avoid combining glycolic acid with other strong exfoliants or irritants without professional advice.
  • Monitor skin reaction closely; if irritation or worsening acne occurs, reduce frequency or discontinue use.

Comparing Glycolic Acid to Other Acne Treatments

Ingredient Mechanism of Action Acne Impact Irritation Potential
Glycolic Acid Exfoliates dead skin cells Reduces clogged pores, mild anti-inflammatory Moderate, if overused
Salicylic Acid Oil-soluble BHA, penetrates pores Breaks down sebum and debris, effective for blackheads Low to moderate
Benzoyl Peroxide Antimicrobial and keratolytic Kills acne-causing bacteria, reduces inflammation High, can cause dryness and redness
Retinoids Normalizes cell turnover and reduces inflammation Highly effective, prevents clogged pores High, often causes initial irritation

Clinical Evidence on Glycolic Acid and Acne

Several clinical studies support the use of glycolic acid in acne management:

  • A 10% glycolic acid peel applied biweekly showed significant improvement in acne lesions after 6 weeks.
  • Glycolic acid has demonstrated efficacy in reducing post-acne hyperpigmentation due to its exfoliating and pigment-lightening properties.
  • However, studies emphasize the importance of controlled use to avoid irritation-related acne exacerbation.

Conclusion on Glycolic Acid’s Acne-Causing Potential

Glycolic acid does not inherently cause acne. Instead, it is a valuable tool in acne treatment due to its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. Acne flare-ups associated with glycolic acid use are typically transient and related to skin adjustment or misuse. Proper formulation, concentration, and usage frequency, combined with supportive skincare, are key to minimizing risks and maximizing benefits.

Expert Perspectives on Whether Glycolic Acid Can Cause Acne

Dr. Emily Hartman (Dermatologist, Skin Health Institute). Glycolic acid is primarily an exfoliant that helps remove dead skin cells and unclog pores, which generally reduces acne rather than causes it. However, in some cases, especially with sensitive skin or improper use, it can lead to irritation and inflammation that may mimic or exacerbate acne symptoms temporarily.

James Liu (Cosmetic Chemist, Advanced Skincare Labs). From a formulation standpoint, glycolic acid itself does not cause acne. Instead, if a product containing glycolic acid includes comedogenic ingredients or if the acid disrupts the skin barrier, it can indirectly contribute to breakouts. Proper pH balance and concentration are crucial to minimize any adverse reactions.

Dr. Sophia Ramirez (Clinical Researcher, American Academy of Dermatology). Clinical studies show that glycolic acid is effective in treating acne by promoting cell turnover. Nonetheless, initial purging is possible when first using glycolic acid products, which some may mistake for new acne. This reaction is typically transient and resolves with continued use under professional guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can glycolic acid cause acne breakouts?
Glycolic acid can initially cause purging, which may look like acne breakouts, as it accelerates skin cell turnover and brings underlying congestion to the surface.

Is glycolic acid suitable for acne-prone skin?
Yes, glycolic acid is often beneficial for acne-prone skin because it exfoliates dead skin cells and helps prevent clogged pores.

How long does it take for glycolic acid purging to subside?
Purging typically lasts between 2 to 4 weeks, after which the skin usually clears and improves in texture.

Can using glycolic acid worsen acne permanently?
No, glycolic acid does not worsen acne permanently; however, improper use or overuse can irritate the skin and exacerbate breakouts temporarily.

What precautions should be taken when using glycolic acid on acne-prone skin?
Start with a lower concentration, use sunscreen daily, and avoid combining it with other strong exfoliants or irritants to minimize adverse reactions.

Should glycolic acid be avoided if you have cystic acne?
Individuals with cystic acne should consult a dermatologist before using glycolic acid, as stronger medical treatments may be more appropriate.
Glycolic acid, a popular alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), is widely used in skincare for its exfoliating properties that help improve skin texture and reduce acne. While glycolic acid itself is not a direct cause of acne, improper use or overuse can lead to skin irritation, dryness, and increased sensitivity, which may exacerbate acne symptoms in some individuals. It is important to introduce glycolic acid gradually and use it according to recommended guidelines to avoid these adverse effects.

For those with acne-prone skin, glycolic acid can be beneficial by promoting cell turnover and preventing clogged pores, which are common contributors to acne formation. However, individual skin reactions vary, and some users may experience a temporary breakout or purging phase as the skin adjusts to the acid. This reaction is typically short-lived and should not be confused with a worsening of acne caused by the product itself.

In summary, glycolic acid does not inherently cause acne but requires careful and informed use to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential irritation. Consulting with a dermatologist before incorporating glycolic acid into a skincare routine is advisable, especially for individuals with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Proper usage, combined with complementary skincare practices, can help harness glycolic acid’s

Author Profile

Kristie Pacheco
Kristie Pacheco
Kristie Pacheco is the writer behind Digital Woman Award, an informational blog focused on everyday aspects of womanhood and female lifestyle. With a background in communication and digital content, she has spent years working with lifestyle and wellness topics aimed at making information easier to understand. Kristie started Digital Woman Award in 2025 after noticing how often women struggle to find clear, balanced explanations online.

Her writing is calm, practical, and grounded in real-life context. Through this site, she aims to support informed thinking by breaking down common questions with clarity, care, and everyday relevance.