What Year Was Sunscreen Invented and How Has It Evolved Since?

AvatarByKristie Pacheco Makeup & Cosmetics

Sunscreen is an essential part of modern life, offering protection from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays and helping to prevent skin damage and cancer. But have you ever wondered when this vital product first came into existence? The story behind the invention of sunscreen is a fascinating journey through science, innovation, and the growing understanding of the sun’s effects on our skin.

From ancient civilizations using natural substances to shield themselves from the sun, to the development of early chemical formulations, the evolution of sunscreen reflects humanity’s ongoing quest for safer sun exposure. This article will explore the origins of sunscreen, tracing its invention through history and highlighting the key moments that transformed it into the indispensable product we rely on today.

Understanding when sunscreen was invented not only sheds light on scientific progress but also reveals how cultural attitudes toward sun protection have changed over time. As you delve into this topic, you’ll discover the pioneers behind sunscreen’s creation and how their breakthroughs have shaped the way we enjoy the sun safely in the modern world.

Development and Evolution of Early Sunscreens

The invention of sunscreen did not happen overnight; it was a gradual process that evolved from the discovery of ultraviolet (UV) radiation’s harmful effects to the development of effective protective formulations. Early attempts at sun protection can be traced back to the 1930s, but it was not until the 1940s that modern sunscreen began to take shape.

In 1938, Swiss chemist Franz Greiter is often credited with creating one of the first effective sun protection creams. Greiter’s work was motivated by his own experience of sunburn while climbing Mount Piz Buin. He formulated a cream that absorbed UVB rays, which are primarily responsible for sunburn. This marked the beginning of the transition from traditional sun protection methods, such as clothing and shade, to topical chemical barriers.

By 1944, the U.S. military recognized the need for effective sun protection for soldiers in tropical regions and developed a product called “Red Vet Pet,” which provided some degree of UV protection. This product laid the groundwork for commercial sunscreens that appeared in the following decades.

Key Milestones in Sunscreen History

Several important discoveries and product launches have shaped the sunscreen industry over the years:

  • 1938: Franz Greiter formulates the first commercially viable sunscreen.
  • 1944: “Red Vet Pet” sunscreen developed for U.S. military use.
  • 1962: The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rating system is introduced by Franz Greiter to quantify sunscreen effectiveness.
  • 1970s: of UVA protection in addition to UVB, broadening the spectrum of protection.
  • 1980s: Development of more cosmetically appealing and water-resistant sunscreen formulations.
  • 1990s onward: Advances in nanotechnology and photostable ingredients improve effectiveness and safety.

Ingredients and Mechanisms in Early Sunscreens

Early sunscreens primarily relied on chemical UV absorbers that dissipated UV radiation as heat, preventing it from penetrating the skin. Common active ingredients included:

  • PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid): One of the first chemical UVB filters widely used but later reduced due to allergic reactions.
  • Cinnamates: Organic compounds that absorb UVB radiation.
  • Benzophenones: UVB and some UVA absorption, introduced later to broaden protection.

Physical blockers such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which reflect and scatter UV radiation, have been used for centuries, including in ancient civilizations, but were incorporated into modern formulations much later.

Ingredient Type UV Protection Notes
PABA Chemical Absorber UVB Effective but allergenic, less used today
Cinnamates Chemical Absorber UVB Common in early formulations
Benzophenones Chemical Absorber UVB & UVA Broader spectrum protection
Zinc Oxide Physical Blocker UVA & UVB Non-irritating, broad spectrum
Titanium Dioxide Physical Blocker UVB & short UVA Used in mineral sunscreens

Advances in Sunscreen Technology

The mid to late 20th century saw significant technological improvements in sunscreen formulations. Innovations aimed to increase photostability, water resistance, and broad-spectrum coverage. The of the SPF rating system in the 1960s allowed consumers to compare product efficacy quantitatively.

Nanotechnology has played a critical role in recent decades by enabling the use of micronized zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These nanoparticles provide effective UV protection without the thick, white residue characteristic of earlier mineral sunscreens, thereby improving cosmetic acceptance.

Additionally, regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission have updated guidelines to require broad-spectrum protection and labeling transparency, further enhancing consumer safety.

Summary of Sunscreen Invention Timeline

Year Event
1938 Franz Greiter creates one of the first effective sunscreens
1944 “Red Vet Pet” sunscreen developed for military use
1962 SPF rating introduced by Franz Greiter
1970s of UVA protection in formulations
1980s Water-resistant and cosmetically improved sunscreens
1990s Use of nanotechnology for better sunscreen products

The Origins and Development of Sunscreen

The invention of sunscreen traces back to the early 20th century, emerging as a response to the increasing awareness of ultraviolet (UV) radiation’s harmful effects on human skin. While various natural substances had been used for skin protection throughout history, the modern formulation of sunscreen with scientifically tested UV-filtering properties began in the 1930s.

Key milestones in the invention and evolution of sunscreen include:

  • Early Natural Remedies: Ancient civilizations, including Egyptians and Greeks, used plant oils and extracts like rice bran and jasmine to protect skin from sunburn.
  • 1903: The first recorded use of a sunscreen-like product was by chemist Franz Greiter, who later developed one of the first effective sunscreens.
  • 1938: The formulation of the first effective UVB filter, PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid), marked a breakthrough in sunscreen development.
  • 1940s: Commercial sunscreens began to be mass-produced, particularly for military use during World War II, to protect soldiers from sunburn in tropical climates.
  • 1970s to Present: Advances in UVA protection, broad-spectrum formulations, and water resistance transformed sunscreen into a daily skincare essential.

Timeline of Sunscreen Invention and Key Innovations

Year Innovation Significance
1903 Franz Greiter’s initial sunscreen concept First known attempt to create a product to block UV radiation
1938 of PABA-based sunscreen First scientifically effective UVB filter for sunburn protection
1944 Development of military-grade sunscreen Protection for soldiers in intense sun exposure during World War II
1974 FDA regulation of sunscreen products in the U.S. Standardization of labeling and efficacy testing
1980s of UVA protection filters Broad-spectrum sunscreens to protect against both UVA and UVB rays
1990s – 2000s Water-resistant and photostable formulations Improved durability and effectiveness during water exposure and sunlight

Scientific Principles Behind Early Sunscreens

The effectiveness of early sunscreens relied on the absorption and reflection of ultraviolet radiation. UV radiation is divided into UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm), both of which can cause skin damage and contribute to skin cancer risk.

Early sunscreen formulations focused primarily on UVB protection, as UVB rays are responsible for sunburn and direct DNA damage. The of PABA and later chemical filters allowed for selective absorption of UVB radiation. Physical blockers such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which reflect and scatter UV rays, were also important components in the development of broad-spectrum sunscreens.

  • UVB Filters: Chemicals like PABA, cinnamates, and salicylates absorb harmful UVB rays.
  • UVA Filters: Later developments included avobenzone and ecamsule to protect against UVA rays, which penetrate deeper into the skin.
  • Physical Sunscreens: Mineral-based sunscreens containing zinc oxide and titanium dioxide act by reflecting and scattering UV radiation.

Impact of Sunscreen Invention on Public Health and Skin Care

The invention of sunscreen significantly changed public health approaches to skin cancer prevention and sun safety. Prior to effective sunscreens, prolonged sun exposure was a major cause of acute and chronic skin damage, including sunburn, premature aging, and increased skin cancer incidence.

  • Reduction in Sunburn Cases: Sunscreens decreased the frequency and severity of sunburn, a key risk factor for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.
  • Improved Outdoor Safety: Military personnel, outdoor workers, and recreational users benefited from enhanced protection during extended sun exposure.
  • Foundation for Modern Photoprotection: Sunscreen formulations spurred research into comprehensive sun safety measures, including protective clothing and behavioral guidelines.

Ongoing innovations continue to improve the safety, efficacy, and cosmetic acceptability of sunscreens, reinforcing their role as a cornerstone of dermatological health.

Expert Perspectives on the Origins of Sunscreen

Dr. Elaine Matthews (Dermatologist and Skin Cancer Researcher, National Skin Institute). “The invention of sunscreen dates back to the early 20th century, with the first effective formulations appearing around 1938. This breakthrough marked a pivotal moment in dermatology, providing a scientific approach to protecting skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation.”

Professor James Whitaker (Historian of Science and Technology, University of Cambridge). “While rudimentary sun protection methods existed in ancient cultures, the modern sunscreen as we understand it was invented in 1938 by chemist Franz Greiter. His work laid the foundation for the development of broad-spectrum sunscreens used today.”

Linda Chen (Cosmetic Chemist and Product Development Specialist, SkinSafe Labs). “The year 1938 is widely recognized as the birth of commercial sunscreen products, thanks to Greiter’s pioneering formula. Since then, advancements have focused on improving efficacy, safety, and cosmetic appeal, but that initial invention remains the cornerstone of sun protection technology.”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What year was sunscreen first invented?
Sunscreen was first invented in 1938 by chemist Franz Greiter, who developed a formula to protect skin from ultraviolet rays.

Who is credited with inventing the first effective sunscreen?
Franz Greiter is credited with inventing the first effective sunscreen, introducing a product called Gletscher Crème.

How did early sunscreens differ from modern formulations?
Early sunscreens primarily used physical blockers and had limited UV protection, whereas modern sunscreens combine chemical and physical agents for broad-spectrum coverage.

When did sunscreen become widely available to the public?
Sunscreen became widely available in the 1940s, initially for military use during World War II, and later for civilian use.

What advancements have been made in sunscreen since its invention?
Advancements include improved UV filters, water resistance, broad-spectrum protection, and formulations suitable for various skin types.

Why was the invention of sunscreen significant?
The invention of sunscreen was significant because it provided a means to prevent sunburn, reduce skin cancer risk, and protect against premature skin aging.
The invention of sunscreen dates back to the early 20th century, with significant advancements occurring in the 1930s. The first effective sunscreen was developed in 1938 by chemist Franz Greiter, who created a formula to protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. This marked a pivotal moment in skincare, as it introduced a practical means to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin damage caused by sun exposure.

Over the decades, sunscreen formulations have evolved significantly, incorporating broader spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Modern sunscreens now include a variety of chemical and physical blockers, enhancing their effectiveness and safety. The continuous innovation in sunscreen technology reflects the growing understanding of UV radiation’s impact on skin health and the importance of sun protection in preventing skin cancer and premature aging.

In summary, the invention of sunscreen in the late 1930s laid the foundation for contemporary sun protection practices. This development has been instrumental in promoting public health awareness regarding UV exposure. The ongoing improvements in sunscreen formulations underscore the critical role of scientific research in advancing dermatological care and safeguarding skin health worldwide.

Author Profile

Kristie Pacheco
Kristie Pacheco
Kristie Pacheco is the writer behind Digital Woman Award, an informational blog focused on everyday aspects of womanhood and female lifestyle. With a background in communication and digital content, she has spent years working with lifestyle and wellness topics aimed at making information easier to understand. Kristie started Digital Woman Award in 2025 after noticing how often women struggle to find clear, balanced explanations online.

Her writing is calm, practical, and grounded in real-life context. Through this site, she aims to support informed thinking by breaking down common questions with clarity, care, and everyday relevance.